I had similar issues when moving from 2015 to 2017. I can't remember exactly (and my searching through my commit log is useless), but I think it sounds like all of the needed components are not installed.
If you run the Visual Studio installer for 2017, you can add or remove components. It looks like the common C++ headers are not installed. Check out this page (
https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcb...l-studio-2017/). It has some more information about the needed components for different development.