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If I have a 6 channel audio track (5.1 interleaved file) that is being routed to the default/checked "Master Send" (a 2 channel output) how does Reaper calculate the stereo fold down? Where are those settings?
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If that's happening automatically, it's probably being done by your soundcard driver. Or, you're just hearing 2 of the 6 channels.
In a Dolby Digital track there is metadata in the file that sets the levels when using a proper Dolby decoder. I'm not sure, but I believe default is -3dB center mixed-into front-left and front-right, and left-rear mixed into left-front and right-rear mixed into right-front at -3dB respectively. The 5 full-range channels contain the normal bass and the "point one" LFE channel is not included in the downmix. (The overall level may have to be reduced to prevent clipping.)
I don't know of any way to read the metadata from a Dolby track and if you have another 5.1 format there may be no such metadata.